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prifitttsgste-nt @frn Letters'latent N, 14,995, `datel March `3,- 18`68.

IMBROVEMENTJN'fcHURNpAsHERs.

ihe'tlgthnle nftt'rtt-lmfiiiitljestrgatteo: ntntt inn milking' vpart tf the sans.

To'ALL WHoM I-'r MAY. contenant y y Be it known that l', Ross-n1' Ouswronm'ot Mercer, inthe county of Mercer,'and State of. Pennsylvania,

have invented a. new and useful Improvement in Chui'nlDashersg; Vand Ido hereby ldeclare that the following" is a full, clear, and exact inscription thereof, which will enable those skill-'din-th'e art to makeand use the same. referenccbeingvhad tothe accompanying drawings forming part of this specification;

Figure l is a. cross-section, through x 9:, ot` my improved flasher. i

Figure 2isa side view of the same. i

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

with other devices, perfecting the whole., as will hcrei'naiter more fully set forth.

In the drawings, A isthe ordinary sha'ito'r handlevot' achurn'dasher. B is at concave disk, as shown, with radial concave wingsna. other suitable device, is the air-vessel D, which'may be cylindrical, as'shown,;for ofatiyvform found most desire.

ble. This air-vessel is open st its top and bottom, as shown atl e and d. .Infthe drawing, the upper opening, d,

Thisin-vention consists in'a'ttaching an air-vessel to and underneath the dusher-disk of a 'ch-urn, together extends lengthwise ot' the-air-vesseh'between the connections b. The area of the bottom opening, d, is greater' than that of e, for n purpose to be shown. The bottom opening, d, is provided with a valve, g, which is suspended at its ends' hy. rods z', whichl latter terminate in nihs 1'. These rods iWork looselyin grooves k,'in ,the

exterior ofthe endsof the air-vessel, and a cross-bar, n, crossinw the groove, as Shown by the dotted lines `in V D iig. 1, prevents the nihs r from passing, therehykeeping the valve attached .to the vessel in the proper position. The groovesserve as guides to-conduct the valve g to itssent. 4 i

The object of this valve is to closethe lower opening `of, thea'ir-vessel when thedashcr descends upon the cream, and'to fall awa `from said o eninfv when the dasher is raised. The valve'ma he of a. suitable sha e` .Y P. D Y p yv p P nothing being claimed in the form thereof.

The operationof ,this invention may non' be shown.' When th'edasher descends, thc valve y,striking` upon the surface of 'the cream, closes the lower opening of" the air-vessel, and as the said vessel descends into the cream, the latter poufs into thc'vess'el through the opening d, and the air escaping therefrom, is brought imme- I diately in con tact with the particles of thecream, whereby the air is more thoroughly commingled withA the cream, andthe latter becomes rapidly oxygenized, which is the condition constituting butter. When'the dasher is raised the valve falls away from the vessel, and tllerbody ot' the cream within passes easily out, thereby per- 'mitting the Idasher to he worked with ease. The lower opening is therefore made considerably larger than tho upper' opening as before stated. The concave radial arms of the dasher-disk assist in conducting the cream to the upper opening, and holding it against thc escaping air, which thereby causes much bubbling and agitation,

which produce the aertuge'ectbefore described.`

This dasher has been proved, by practical use daily, to accomplish the formation of butter in a rapidand 'It is simple, of small cost, and can bedircctlyf applied to'anyof the vertically-acting dasher-v ei'ective manner.

churns no w in use.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new, and desire to lsecure byLetters Putent- 1. The air-vessel D, of any suitable (shape, for the purpose of displacing the cream and-permitting they` someto pour `into the said vessel, thereby Vcommingling with the air in the vessel, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose specified.

2. .The valve g, of any suitable form, in combination withan air-vessel, D, and operating y'substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose specified. v

3. '.l'hcconcave radial wings a,in combination with the air-vessel D,'substantially as' and for the purpose shown und described. f Y

The above specification of' my invention signed by me, this thirtieth day of December, 1867.

t ROBT. CRAWFORD.-

Witnesses: f t Jossrn Bnsox,

W. A. McConMIcx.

.Below the disk '13, and atiixed firmly, thereto by connections, as shown atb, or any 

